The Parisian club has now won the season-opening trophy on fourteen separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain required a stoppage-time leveler followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to get past Marseille in the Gulf and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions title.
The Champions League holders appeared to be coasting towards a comfortable triumph in the showdown between the Ligue 1 winners and the French Cup winners after the French winger opened the net early on.
Yet, the southern French side struck twice in the closing moments to seize a surprise lead. Initially, the English forward converted from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking turn of fortune, the Portuguese striker snatched a vital equaliser in the final seconds to force the contest into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, stopping decisive kicks from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and the young talent all scored successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a convincing penalty win.
Now 14-time champions Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now lifted this competition for the twelfth time in the past thirteen years.